Sunday, March 25, 2007

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San Carlos of the Four Fountains


SAN CARLOS DE LAS CUATRO SOURCES is one of the key works of Italian Baroque. Work of Borromini, was erected in Rome in mid-seventeenth century. The facade of the temple, built in stone with a regular rig, is a paradigm of the Italian Baroque. Divided into two sections separated by a frieze that contains, in Latin (ET TRINITATEM HONOIS IN CAROLI MDCLVI), an inscription and the date of his consecration (1666), each of the floors is marked vertically by four giant columns of composite order ( plain shaft and Corinthian capital). The lower floor is divided into two levels: the bottom are two small windows occupying the spaces between external elliptical while the central intercolumniation contains access door, lintel, flanked by separate columns composed on the podium. At the second level of the lower section, three niches containing images of saints. The upper part repeats the pattern of lower although the columns are shorter. The niches are empty and the central hole on the front door is occupied by a window (preceded by a parapet) and a vacuum elliptical medallion tops the facade. Above a second ledge, a narrow slightly recessed attic completes the whole frontispiece.

But the most unique featuring this building are the curves that describe the facade. The nave appears early and the frieze and the cornice that separates the two sections facing ripple remarks. The second ledge further accentuates the sensation curves of the wall.

both columns composite giant order, as the curvature of the wall and the openings and elliptical medallion reminds us that design is the prototype of the Baroque as prone to the use of ellipses and gigantic columns.

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edilicia fever that seems to affect Rome along the XVII century is a shows the desire of Catholic Church to demonstrate their power. Greatly weakened by the constant struggles against the Reformers, the papacy is determined to demonstrate his power by building magnificent temples and palaces although in many cases, the appearance of luxury and power conceals the poverty of the materials (brick, stucco) that test economic hard times of the church. This constructive effort will give rise to many temples and monuments emblematic city planted milestones that will make history.

The rest of Europe, mired in the conflict of the Thirty Years War, includes the fall of the English Empire and the assumption of Relay France of Louis XIV to give birth to one of the periods of increased political weight of France during the European policy. Meanwhile, Spain is experiencing a deep economic crisis inherited from the previous century, it becomes chronic in addition to moral discouragement to a loss of political primacy in the old continent.

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